ABSTRACT
Purpose To explore the feasibility of low radiation dose combined with lowdose contrast agent in thyroid CT enhanced scan and investigate the benefit of reducing radiation hazard and contrast agent damage to thyroid.Materials and Methods 120 patients assigned for thyroid enhanced CT scan were prospectively and randomly divided into four groups (each group was 30 patients).Group A:radiation dose 120 kV,180 mA,contrast agent dose 1.2 ml/kg;group B:radiation dose 120 kV,180 mA,contrast agent dose 1.0 ml/kg;group C:radiation dose 100 kV,100 mA,contrast agent dose 1.2 ml/kg;group D:radiation dose 100 kV,100 mA,contrast agent dose 1.0 ml/kg.CT values,background sign,background noise of thyroid were measured;signal to noise ratio (SNR) and contrast to noise ratio (CNR) were calculated;CT dose index of volume (CTDIvol),dose length product (DLP),and the effective dose (ED) were recorded and calculated.The image quality was evaluated and the data was statistically analyzed by two radiologists.Results CT values,background sign and background noise of thyroid,as well as CTDIvol,DLP,ED among four groups were statistical significant (P＜0.05);there was no significant difference in SNR,CNR and image quality scores among four groups (P＞0.05).Conclusion It is beneficial of reducing radiation hazard and side-effect of contrast agent from low radiation dose combined with low-dose contrast agent under the condition of ensuring diagnostic image quality.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the possible role of oxidative stress in the protection of hydrogen sulfide during renal ischemia reperfusion.Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham operation (Sham) group, renal ischemia reperfusion (IR) group subject to occlusion of left renal pedicle for 45 min then reperfusion for 24 h, and sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) preconditioning group with continuous infusion of NaHS (450 nmol/min) by left renal artery for 10 min before ischemia reperfusion.Renal injuries were evaluated by PAS staining.The protein levels of NADPH oxidase (NOX) 4, NOX2 were analyzed by Western blotting.The reactive oxygen species (ROS) level of renal tissue was determined by dihydroethidium (DHE) staining assay.Renal superoxide dismutase (SOD), malonic dialdehyde (MDA) and Scr, BUN were evaluated by chromatometry assay.Cell apoptosis were evaluated by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining.Results Compared with Sham group, in IR group the renal NOX4 and NOX2 protein expressions, the existence of acute tubular necrosis and ROS expression were up-regulated (all P ＜ 0.01);MDA, Scr, and BUN were increased and SOD was decreased significantly in IR-treated kidney (all P ＜ 0.01);Moreover, more apoptotic cells presented in the risk zone of IR-treated kindey (P ＜ 0.01).The effects induced by IR were inhibited by NaHS.Compared to that in IR group, NaHS precondition reversed IR-induced damages of renal function and renal tissue, increased SOD activity and decreased MDA expression (all P ＜ 0.05), as well as reduced the expression of NOX4, NOX2 and ROS (all P ＜ 0.05).Moreover, NaHS precondition reduced apoptosis after IR (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions NaHS alleviates renal ischemia reperfusion injury through inhibiting oxidative stress.Hydrogen sulfide can decrease ROS by inhibiting the activation of NOX, further inhibit the activation of NOD-like receptor, and alleviate kidney damage.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the value of multi-slice spiral CT Low-dose scanning technology in thyroid enhanced scan. Methods Eighty patients were randomly divided into four groups including Group A:120 kV,180 mA;Group B:120 kV,100 mA;Group C:100 kV,180 mA and Group D:100 kV,100 mA.The subjective image quality was evaluated and scored.Thyroid CT val-ue,image background noise (N),image signal to noise ratio (SNR),CT dose index (CTDIvol),dose length product (DLP),and the effective radiation dose (ED)were measured and compared.Results The subjective image scores and SNR of these four groups were 3.90±0.31 and 26.34±3.13,3.75±0.44 and 25.08 ±1.87,3.70 ±0.47 and 25.86 ±2.38,3.60 ±0.60 and 24.87 ±2.20 respectively.There were no significantly statistical differences among the subjective image scores and SNR (P > 0.05 )of the 4 Groups.Thyroid CT values,N,CTDIvol,DLP and ED were (1 68.55 ± 13.39)HU,(6.48 ±0.84)HU,(10.95 ±0.00)mGy, (145.67±8.79)mGy·cm,(0.73±0.04)mSv in Group A,(170.70±11.34)HU,(6.83±0.45)HU,(6.08±0.00)mGy,(84.58± 4 .9 4)mGy· cm,(0 .4 2 ±0 .0 3 )mSv in Group B,(1 8 5 .2 0 ±2 2 .3 5 )HU,(7 .1 9 ±0 .8 6 )HU,(6 .5 9 ±0 .0 0 )mGy,(8 9 .8 6 ± 3 .2 6 )mGy· cm,(0 .4 5 ±0 .0 3 )mSv in Group C,(1 9 0 .5 5 ±2 1 .3 8 )HU,(7 .6 6 ± 1 .0 1 )HU,(3 .6 6 ±0 .0 0 )mGy,(5 0 .2 0 ± 1 .8 9 )mGy·cm,(0.25±0.01)mSv in Group D respectively.There were significantly statistical differences among different thyroid CT values,N,CTDIvol,DLP and ED (P <0.05).Conclusion Multi-slice spiral CT low-dose scanning technology in thyroid en-hanced scan can guarantee the image quality and effectively reduce thyroid radiation dose.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate whether the nod-like receptor (NLR) pathway is involved in protection of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) preconditioning during renal ischemia reperfusion.Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:sham operation (Sham) group,renal ischemia/ reperfusion (I/R) group subjected to occlusion of left renal pedicle for 45 min then reperfusion for 24 hours,and sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) preconditioning group with continuous infusion of NaHS (300 nmol/min) by left renal artery for 15 min before I/R treatment.Renal injuries were evaluated by HE staining.The protein levels of NOD1,NOD2,nuclear NF-κB P65 and caspase-1 were analyzed by Western blot assay.The protein level of MCP-1 and IL-1β expressions was determined by immunohistochemical staining assay.Cell apoptosis were evaluated by Tunel staining assay.Results In I/R group,the renal NOD1 and NOD2 protein expressions were upregulated.Moreover,the nuclear NF-κB P65 expression was also elevated with an increase in its target genes-MCP-1 and IL-1β (All P ＜ 0.01).HE staining revealed the existence of acute tubular necrosis in I/R kidney.TUNEL staining revealed more apoptotic cells in risk zone with the activation of caspase-1 of I/R-treated kidney(P ＜0.01).NaHS preconditioning reversed I/R-induced increase in the expression of NOD1 and NOD2(P ＜0.05).NaHS preconditioning also reduced I/R-induced activation of NF-κB P65 (P ＜ 0.05) and upregulation of MCP-1 and IL-1β (P ＜ 0.01).Moreover,NaHS preconditioning attenuated inflammation,repressed caspase-1 activation and reduced apoptotic cells after I/R.Conclusion Hydrogen sulfide preconditioning can alleviate renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by Nod-like receptor dependent on inflammatory pathway.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the protective effect of different doses sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) as a donor of hydrogen sulfide on renal ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI).Methods Twenty-eight healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups,namely sham operation (Sham) group (n =7),renal ischemia reperfusion (IR) group (n =7),sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) high dose group (n=7),sodium hydrosulfide low dose group (n=7).After excision of the right kidney,two dose NaHS group (300 nmol/min,1.5 μmol/min) received 15-minute continuous administration via left renal artery.Sham group and IR group received same volume of saline.Five minutes after stopping drug,the left renal pedicle in NaHS group and IR group was clipped with no damage arteriole occlusion.After 45 minutes blockade,a model of acute renal ischemia reperfusion injury was established.Sham group underwent the same procedure as model groups without clamping the left renal artery.Specimens of renal tissue and blood were harvested at 24-hour after blood flow restore in the kidney.BUN and Scr were measured.Kidney pathological damage was semi-quantitatively analyzed.Production of H2S in renal tissue was detected.Expression of cystathionine γ lyase (CSE) and cystathionine β synthase (CBS) mRNA in kidney tissue was examined by real-time PCR.Results Compared with sham group,BUN and Scr increased significantly (P＜0.01),kidney tissue H2S production decreased significantly (P＜0.01),mRNA expression of CSE and CBS down-regulated significantly (P＜0.01) in IR group.The kidney pathology of sham group was normal,while acute tubular necrosis was found in IR group.Compared with IR group,BUN and Scr decreased significantly (P＜0.01),kidney tissue H2S production increased significantly (P＜0.05),mRNA expression of CSE and CBS up-regulated significantly (P＜0.01) in NaHS groups.Pathological damage of acute tubular necrosis was significantly improved in NaHS pretreatment group.There was no significant difference between two NaHS doses groups.Conclusion Hydrogen sulfide has a protective effect on renal IRI.